Illustrated Tool Glossary

ANGLE FINDER tool. Finds level or angles. Dial needle swings from 0° to 90° in any quadrant for fast, accurate readings.

ANVIL Used for support when fashioning sheet metal.

AWL These are used for marking or starting holes for brads, nails, or screws in wood, plastic, or aluminum

AWL BRAD (often called a brad driver) . This magnetically holds small brads so that they can be driven into hard-to-reach places.

AWL SCRATCH. Marks location of nails or screws in wood or soft nonmetal material. Blade length 3" to 4" Starts hole for fastener.

BOLT CUTTERS Dependent on jaw type chosen bolt cutters will cut soft steel, nonferrous metals, bolts, screws, rivets, wire, iron, steel, stainless steel, spring wire, heat-treated rod, and reinforcing rod.

CALIPERS Outside calipers measure the outside diameters of tubing and pipes. Inside calipers measure inside diameters. Use vernier calipers for more accurate work.

CHALK LINE Used to mark long, straight lines on horizontal or vertical surfaces.

     




CHISEL BRICK Also called: Plumber's chisel Nail Chisel Long Brick Chisel For trimming brick, also used by carpenters, electricians and plumbers to tear through studding joists and other thick material.

CHISEL STONE CUTTERS For trimming and carving stone. Similar to brick chisel but different in size and some have a tooth cutting edge.

CHISEL CLAPBOARD For splitting shingles and clapboard.

CHISELS COLD Cold chisels are used to cut off nails, bolts & nuts or cut light sheet metal. Special - use chisels include ripping chisels for tearing through studding, brick chisels with broad blade and stone cutters chisels with serrated broad blade.
Principal types are:

CHISEL FLAT , for cutting and shearing metal and cutting bars and rivets;

CHISEL CAPE , for chipping narrow grooves such as for keyways in pulleys and shafts;

CHISEL DIAMOND POINT, for cleaning out sharp corners and cutting V-shaped grooves;

CHISEL ROUND NOSE, for cutting grooves and moving improperly started drill holes.

CHISEL STAR DRILL Used to manually drill a hole for expansion anchors in masonry.

CHISELS  WOOD: Used to remove wood for door locks hinges and other recessed items.

C-CLAMP SQUARE THROAT REGULAR Heavy Duty Deep Throat C-Clamps can be used to hold two or more pieces together when gluing or nailing. The amount of pressure required normally dictates the clamp size required. You'll find dozens of uses for these-they're an essential component of the standard tool kit.

CLAMP PIPE (also called cabinet or furniture clamps) Used to clamp large stock such as tabletops when doweling or gluing. Sets of clamping feet can be purchased separately and attached to lengths of pipe to make clamps up to 20 feet long.

CLAMP ADJUSTABLE HANDSCREWS Also called: Woodworkers Clamps Used to assemble woodwork, furniture, cabinets, etc., when gluing or attaching with fasteners. Jaws can be closed irregularly by tightening or loosening one screw more than the other, to clamp tapered or odd-shaped material.

CLAMP SPRING Spring clamps work like large clothespins providing quick clamping pressure for jobs requiring minimal pressure.

CLAMP BAND Clamp large or unwieldy material such as chair-leg/ rung assemblies or bracing large boxes or oddly shaped containers.

CLAMPS FRAME Clamps corners of picture frames. doors or screens.

CLAMP 3-WAY EDGING Provides a method of applying "right-angle" pressure to the edge or side of work. Unique "3-screw" design permits the "right-angle" screw to be centered or positioned above or below center, on varying thicknesses of work, and also permits clamping over and around "returns" or other obstructions on countertop edges.

CLAMP VISE-GRIP Specialized clamping jaws attached to vise-grip handle: for gripping metal during welding, sheet metal or woodworking. Provides quick application/removal for repeat jobs.

CLAMP-ON VISE The clamp-on vise holds lumber horizontally on top of workbench. Set back and bolted to bench, the tightening screw holds lumber against bench top.

CLAMP CAM-ACTION Wood jaws with steel bar. Clamp has cam-tightening action-exerts up to 300 pounds pressure. Excellent for light gluing or veneering

CLAMP BAR Bar clamp has ratchet stop on one end, screw tightener on fixed end.

COUNTERSINKS Used to countersink materials for flush head screws.

COUNTERSINK & COMBINATION DRILL Combination drills are available in most of the common wood screw sizes. Drills, countersinks, and sometimes counterbores holes in one operation. Those with set-collar provide variable counterbore for plugging.

DIVIDERS Also called: Compass scriber used to scribe small areas or steps of a series of equal increments along a line.





DRLL BIT BRAD POINT Better than twist drill for wood-has larger flutes to clear chips. Don't use on metal.

DRILL BIT EXPANSION Bit cuts holes from 1" diameter to 3" diameter by adjusting the extension of the cutters. Cutters are interchangeable.

DRILL BIT MASONRY Uses carbide tip and wide flutes to drill holes in masonry. Requires electric or air drill.

DRILL BIT SINGLE SPUR Provides clean cut in wood.

DRILL BIT TWIST For use in drill press or electric hand drill to drill holes in all hardwoods and metal except hardened steel.

FILE SHAPES COMMON

FILE BASTARD: Flat rough-cut file, diagonal rasp. Flat one side, half-round on the other.

FILE HALF-ROUND Half-round files are for general machine-shop work. Single-cut files run in one direction only for slow, careful filing.

FILE  PILLAR Pillar files have a rectangular cross section. They are like equaling files in general shape illustration looks identical to equaling file-should be narrower. They have one edge safe or uncut.



JEWELERS or NEEDLE FILES   As their name indicates, these are small files for intricate finishing work. They are usually sold in sets.

FILE ROUND Round files are for enlarging holes and filing circular openings or concave surfaces.



FILE SQUARE: Square files are for filing or dressing square corners and smoothing slots in keyways. Equaling File Equaling files are parallel in both width and thickness for their entire length, double-cut on the two sides, and single-cut on both edges.

FILE RASP WOOD - Half-Round Rapidly remove material. Replace spoke shave or draw knife. Combination Shoe Rasp-Half-Round.
(4-in-hand) Has rasp and file on flat side and rasp and file on half-round side.

FORSTNER BIT Has a disc-shaped head wider than its shank with sharp spur cutting rim. Indispensable for shallow holes and angular cuts into wood or cutting into end grain, particularly when you want to drill only partway into the board. Unlike standard bits it does not have a large lead point and provides a flat bottom hole.

FLEXIBLE TAPE Also called: Steel tape Push-pull tape Tape rule "Pocket-type" tapes are used to lay off measurements up to 12' long. "Reel-type" tapes are for longer distances usually requiring 2 people to make measurement. Also available for measuring pipe diameters and 1/8", 1/4", and 1/2" to the foot scales for measuring lengths on plans and blueprints.

FOLDING RULE Also called: Carpenter's rule "Zig-zag" rule Used for laying off long measurements where rigid rule is required, such as or vertical surfaces or across gaps in flooring or roofing.

HAMMERS
Hammers are among the most used and abused tools in your toolbox. By far the most common is the claw hammer, pictured in the illustration. It has a pronged claw for pulling nails or for ripping apart fastened pieces.

ANATOMY OF A HAMMER

HAMMER FRAMING: Also called: Flooring hammer Straight claw hammer

HAMMER RIPPING CLAW: The straight claw is used as a wedge to pry apart boards or open boxes and crates. Also drives and pulls nails. Has checkered face to prevent glancing off of nail heads.

HAMMER BALL PEEN :all so called: Machinist’s hammer Used for shaping iron and working on machinery.

HAMMER BRICK Also called: Mason’s hammer Tile setter’s hammer Rock hammer Used to set bricks or tile in place. Single claw used to cut bricks or chip mortar from bricks or tiles.

HAMMER DOUBLE-FACE Also called: Engineer ’s hammer Used for driving retaining pins and bolts. Used for wrought iron
and forging.

HAMMER TACK Used to drive and pull tacks for upholstery operations.

HAMMER RIVETING Driving rivets.

HAMMER WELDER’S For chipping metal and wedging parts apart.

HAMMER PICK Used as driving wedge with standard ball peen hammer and for disassembling crates.

RUBBER MALLET Assembling joints in furniture. Beating dents out of metal.


HAMMER MAUL Hand held sledge hammer.

HAMMER TINNER'S Bending sheet metal over hard edge.

HAMMER MALLEABLE HEAD Also called: Copper hammer Brass hammer Babbet hammer Compo-cast

HAMMERS HAND DRILLING Used to drive star drills in masonry work. Similar to double face hammer but with heavier head for increased driving power and shorter handle for better control. Handles are normally wood.

HAMMER RIVETING Driving rivets.Head : Ground and polished head with wood handle.(see Tinners Hammer)

HAMMER TACK Used to drive and pull tacks for upholstery operations . Head is normally magnetized to hold tacks when driving . Claw is split an d sharply tapered for removing tacks in corners.. Handles are normally wood.

HAMMER  PICK Used as driving wedge with ball peen hammer and for disassembling crates .

WOOD OR RAWHIDE MALLETS Used with wood chisels or to shape soft material without damaging or marking it.

HAMMER SPLIT-HEAD Also called: Jaw-head hammer Replaceable-face Hammer Used for driving trim with clips into holes in painted surfaces without damage.

HAMMER SOFT-FACE Also called Replaceable-tip Hammer For bending, joining, seaming soft or finished surfaces without damage.

HOLE SAW Used with portable hand drills or drill presses to cut holes up to 6" in diameter in wood, plastic or soft metal. Uses an arbor with high-speed drill bit to locate hole center.

LEVEL LINE  Suspend level on taut line between two points to check horizontal trueness. Used in masonry, excavation and grading work
.

LEVEL CARPENTER'S Also called: Magnesium level Aluminum level.


LEVEL ELECTRONIC Very sensitive and accurate. Signals with flashing red and green lights and emits even tone when level is reached.

LEVEL URETHANE Wool level Check horizontal surfaces for level and vertical surfaces for plumb.

LEVEL  MASON'S Check level and plumb of foundations and masonry walls.

LEVEL TORPEDO Similar to carpenter's level but shorter. Two or 3 level vials for checking level, plumb, and 45° angle. One surface of level with V groove for pipe or conduit work.



MARKING GAUGE Used to scribe lines parallel to an edge.

NAIL SET Use to recess nail heads so that they are not visible. Tip is accurately cupped to fit nail or brad heads.

PLANE BLOCK Also called: Trimming plane Designed for cutting end grain and making finishing cuts where woodworking chisels have made preliminary cuts.

PLANE JACK Before power planers, a jack plane smoothed and squared rough lumber. Good for truing long boards and removing warp or twist . At 12 to 17 inches, it's more versatile than the larger jointer plane.





PLANE JOINTER At 22 inches or longer, the jointer is the largest bench plane and the best choice for trimming, squaring, and straightening the edges of doors or long boards.

PLANE SMOOTH Designed to flatten and smooth the face of a board, this 9- to 10-inch-long plane is idea for leveling off high spots and for general planing. The best all around bench plane if you have only one.

PLUMB BOB Suspend bob from cord to indicate vertical plane accurately. Useful in framing, painting, and wallpapering.

PLUG CUTTER Specially designed drill bit used to cut plugs for covering recessed screws in cabinetry and furniture.

PUCHES: Drift punches are for aligning bolt holes in two adjoining /* surfaces. Used to drive pins or bolts into or out of metal parts.

PUNCH PRICK marks metal for drilling holes. Center punch provides a center point for drilling holes

PLIERS SLIP-JOINT: all so called Combination pliers

PLIERS CHANNELLOCK Also called: Tongue and Groove Pliers Utility pliers Multipurpose pliers Joint pliers Rib-joint pliers.

PLIERS LONG-NOSE

PLIERS RETAINING RING All so called: Snap ring pliers Points fit into holes in snap rings to allow their installation or removal.

PLIERS LOCKING Also called: Vice grips Lever wrench Designed for gripping hard-to-reach nuts, bolts, or fittings. Jaw tension can be preadjusted to provide enough tension to clamp wrench to job .

PLIERS NEEDLE-NOSE

PLIERS END-CUTTING Also called: Nippers Used to cut off screws, bolts, or wire that has penetrated a surface.

PLIERS SIDE-CUTTING Also called: Lineman's pliers High-leverage pliers Fence pliers Flat-Nose Side-Cutting Pliers

PLIERS FENCE All so called: Prong and hammerhead pliers Fence pliers and staple puller. No other tools needed in fence building and repair. Equipped with staple pulling point and lifter for bent lugs on steel posts, wire splicer, two wire cutters, wire stretcher, and corrugated hammerhead for driving staples and bending down lugs on steel posts..

PLIERS HOSE CLAMP: Notched jaws hold wire hose clamps open to allow installation or removal.

PLIERS HOG-RING: Closes "hog rings" used in upholstery work.

PLIERS DIAGONAL CUTTING Also called "Dikes", Automotive Pliers Used for cutting wire and cable. Can be used for narrow widths of thin-gauge sheet metal.

PROTRACTOR GENERAL Measure and lay out angles. Arm swivels to desired angle and is locked in position with knurled nut.

. RATCHET BIT BRACE. Normally used for drilling ¼" or larger holes in wood or soft metal . Ratchet brace allows drilling in close quarters . Square tapered shank auger bits can be used for holes up to 1". Expansion bits can be used for holes up to 3" in diameter. Screwdriver bits and countersink bits can be used . Some chucks will hold straight shank drills up to ½" diameter.

VISE WOODWORKER'S Attached to underside of workbench with carriage bolts and screws, this vise has a long spiral screw opener so it can be used to hold boards up to 12 inches wide.

VISE BENCH . Clamp-on vise is portable. Swivel-base  vise is bolted through top of workbench. Vacuum-based vise (gasketed bottom and lever to raise and cause vacuum) can be attached to any firm, hard smooth surface. Multi-angle bolt of vises that swivel horizontally and can tilt vertically are also available.

T BEVEL all so called: A bevel gauge Handle swivels on blade and can be locked at any position so that any angle can be measured and transferred. Often used in hip-and-valley rafter layouts.

SAW AZEBIKI Used for straight-sided plunge cuts in the middle of a board for electrical boxes, switches, etc.

SAW BACK: Makes precise cuts in moldings. Usually used with miter boxes.

SAW BOW: Tree trimming and cutting firewood.

SAW COMPASS The blade of this saw is pointed, and is used primarily for cutting curves where it would be impossible to use a coping saw be-cause of the frame. The general practice in working with the compass saw is to drill a hole with a brace and bit large enough for the blade of the saw. After this has been done, the saw is inserted in the hole and the remainder of the wood is cut out with the saw.

SAW COPING The coping saw is used for fine work and for cutting curves in wood. The blade is held in the frame under tension and can be turned in the frame so that cuts may be made at different angles. The blades can be removed when they become dull or broken. Keep a supply of extra blades in the tool kit because thin blades are easily broken.

SAW DOZUKI Used for very fine finish cuts for cabinetry and furniture-making

SAW FLUSH-CUTTING Used for cutting plugs, dowels, and tenons flush with the surrounding surface and delicate working veneers and other thin materials.

SAW HACK: Cuts light metals, piping, and PVC tubing rods, bolts, or other metal objects

SAW KEYHOLE Used for: curved holes in plywood or solid wood for pipes or ducts through walls, roofs, and built-in cabinets.

SAW NESTING: Used like compass and keyhole saws. Also used to cut light metal.

SAW ROD For tough jobs such as cutting long through spring and stainless, chains, glass, brick, and tile. Designed to fit hacksaw frames. Hacksaw-type blades with round rods having permanently bonded tungsten carbide surface.

SAW TENON. This saw is also called a backsaw or a miter saw. It is a crosscut saw with 12 to 16 points to the inch, a thin blade, a rein-forced back. This saw is used to make the very fine cuts required in cabinetwork and other fine woodwork. To make the cuts accurate, the tenon saw should be used in conjunction with a miter box.

SAW RIP: Cuts with the grain of wood (ripping).

Additional saw tooth detail.



SCREW DRIVER HEAD TYPES

SCREW DRIVERS OFFSET Standard or Phillips Blade For screws in recessed locations that require increased torque to install or remove.

SCREW DRIVER OFFSET RATCHETING Interchangeable standard or phillips blades



SCREW DRIVER PHILLIPS HEAD —as well as, in turn, the Phillips screwdriver—gets its name from Henry F. Phillips, the engineer who patented it. His 1936 invention was a hit with automakers. They found the screw well suited to assembly-line power drills, which in the days before torque adjusters could ruin a screw by overturning it. Phillips's cross-slotted design caused the drills to slip, or "cam out," before any damage was done.

SCREWDRIVERS RATCHET screwdriver Large-diameter handle increases torque on screw. Ratchet mechanism in handle permits driving or drawing screws or can be locked for use as a conventional screwdriver. Normally includes interchangeable standard and Phillips screwdriver bits. Also may include small sockets up to range of 1/4" drive. This is more comfortable than a standard handle and gives you extra leverage.

SCREWDRIVER SPIRAL-RATCHET TYPE

Spiral-ratchet screwdriver Drives and draws screws by pushing on the handle or by a ratchet movement. Can be made rigid to function as an ordinary screwdriver. The movement is changed by a simple shifter. Has quick return spring in handle that causes it to return automatically for the next stroke.

SCREWDRIVER SPLIT-BLADE  

Screw-Holding Medium-hard bits are for driving standard (soft) screws and for impact use; they have a 118° point. Extra-hard bits are for heat-treated or case-hardened screws, for use in sheet metal, self-tapping, and self-drilling screws. These have a 135° point.



SNIPS AVIATION come in straight, or right- or left-hand cutting versions and also provide compound leverage for easier cutting .






SNIPS CIRCULAR CUTTING Designed to cut curves and irregular shapes easily and without kinking the metal.







SNIPS DUCKBILL can cut curved designs.

SNIPS REGULER CUTTING Regular snips are used for straight cutting . Combination Pattern can cut straight and moderately irregular cuts.



SQUARE FRAMING  Also called: Rafter square Carpenter's square Builder's square Used to square stock accurately and guide layout lines. Legs of framing square are conveniently sized: 24" body and 16" tongue-standard stud spacing dimensions. Several scales including a protractor, printed on the tool to assist in making angle layouts.

SQUARE TRI-CHECKING squareness of boards and laying out straight lines perpendicular to an edge.

SQUARE COMBINATION Performs same operations as a tri-square. Square head includes a spirit level for leveling operations and 45° surface for making miter cuts. Often has awl in bottom of handle for scoring mark.

WRENCHES

Since so many imported products are fastened with metric-scale nuts and bolts, adjustable wrenches have become indispensable. You can also buy wrenches sized according to the metric scale. Some imported wrenches are made from malleable mild steel. Avoid them. Look for good-quality wrenches made from hardened or tempered fine-grade tool steel.
A wrench should be pulled, not pushed. And never use a "cheater" extension; the excessive torque created will damage the nut or threads you are working on. Tap the bolt or use a rust solvent if the nut is bound.

WRENCH ALLEN Hexagonal L- or T-shaped keys that fit into machine screws and plumbing plugs.

WRENCHES FLARE NUT These cover 5 of the 6 faces on copper tubing fittings and are positioned by sliding down tubing over hex fitting. They are designed to prevent tearing corners off of fittings. One end has a sided grip, the other a circular knuckled grip.

WRENCH CHAIN Use on heavy pipe or large, irregularly shaped fittings. The chain wrench comes with a smooth side and a side with teeth. Use the smooth side down on pipes and round objects. Place the teeth down when using on hex nuts or other irregularly shaped objects.

WRENCH SPUD Designed for plumbing taps. 4 in 1 shown.

WRENCH CAM: All so called snubber wrench. Inside pipe wrench

WRENCH MONKEY Also called: Auto wrench, Ford wrench An adjustable wrench with sliding jaw that can apply non slipping pressure to small or large nuts. Use on nuts and bolts beyond the capacity of open-end or box-end wrenches.

WRENCH OFFSET PIPE Offset jaw configuration available for use in tight places. Offset hex wrench has extra-large opening offset jaw for use on sink and tub drain nuts and all other hard-to-get at nuts and fittings.

WRENCH PIPE For tightening or loosening pipe fittings.

WRENCH STRAP Use in place of chain wrench on polished pipe or tubing to prevent marring surface.

WRENCH SOCKET SETS Rapid removal or installation of standard U.S. or metric nuts and bolts. 1/4" drive sockets are for small household appliances. 3/8" drive sockets are for normal-sized bolt/nuts up to about 7/8" 1/2" drive sockets are mostly for automotive use or larger nuts/bolts. 3/4" drive sockets are for trucks and other heavy items. Spark plug sockets have  greater depths. Now available in sets at very reasonable prices.

WRENCH ADJUSTABLE Also called: Crescent Wrench.

WRENCH OPEN-END (Double End) Designed to loosen or tighten standard-size nuts and bolts. Different nut size on each end of wrench  Use where socket wrench or box-end wrench will not fit.

WRENCH BOX-END Closed-end wrench designed to hold nut/bolt without slipping. Must have enough clearance to slip wrench over nut/ bolt. Different nut size on each end of wrench. Normal 45° offset head. Normally 12-pt. openings.

WRENCH COMBINATION Provides open end and box end of same size on one wrench. Heads angle at 15°.